Both the difference threshold and the absolute threshold are constant for all people at all times. Both the absolute threshold and the difference threshold vary from person to person over time. During the test, the doctor struck several tuning forks, each of which vibrated at a distinct pitch, and asked her to choose two tones that sounded almost the same in pitch. Delmar wants to determine how loud a certain noise must be in order for it to be heard from a distance of 50 feet.
Her question involves the concept of: relative magnitude. During the test, the doctor struck several tuning forks, each of which was a distinct pitch, and asked her to choose two tones that sounded almost the same in pitch.
During the test, the doctor presented tones to Ann through earphones. The tones varied only along the loud-soft dimensions from very loud to very soft. The doctor asked Ann to raise her hand whenever she heard a sound. This phenomenon best supports the: Young-Helmholtz opponent-process theory of color vision. Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory of color vision. Hering opponent-process theory of color vision.
Hering trichromatic theory of color vision. This defines which Gestalt law of organization? This is the law of: shape constancy. This apparent motion is known as: the kinetic depth effect. Although they were actually fed cold spaghetti, most of the customers believed they were swallowing real worms. What is the MOST plausible explanation for this finding? The cold spaghetti dulled nerve endings in the taste buds. This particular food failed to depolarize adjacent neurons in the tongue.
Food flavor is really a composite of taste, smell, sight, and texture. Sensory receptors in the brain were not activated. Marshall hired June to collect data from a group of subjects.
Neither June nor the subjects were aware of the independent variable that Mr. Marshall had manipulated. Welsh is doing experiments using drugs. He is concerned that his subjects will respond to demand characteristics. He may want to control for this by using which of the following?
Learning c. Spontaneous recovery Extinction d. Skinner c. William James John B. Watson d. Edward Tolman What is the difference between punishment and negative reinforcement? There is no difference—the two terms are synonymous.
Punishment involves presentation of an aversive consequence, but negative reinforcement involves removal of a positive consequence. Negative reinforcement is part of operant conditioning, but punishment is used in classical conditioning. Negative reinforcement strengthens behavior, but punishment weakens it.
Which of the following is a primary reinforcer? Food c. Attention Money d. Skinner invented an Air-Crib for his daughter. Skinner won the Humanitarian of the Year Award in Skinner insisted that free will is an illusion. Skinner denied the existence of human consciousness. Accentuate the positive. Reinforce small improvements. Use intermittent reinforcement right from the beginning. Set realistic goals. Learning can be directly observed and measured. Learning cannot be directly observed or measured, so performance is observed and learning is inferred based on what the person is able to do.
The results of learning must immediately change behavior. The human brain continues to grow and develop after birth. A human male develops the capacity to produce sperm cells at puberty. Drinking coffee makes a person more aroused. A student does not swat at a wasp buzzing around her head. In this experiment, the presentation of the meat was the: unconditioned stimulus.
The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of music. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. This may occur regardless of how recently they ate breakfast. In this example, the conditioned response is: the act of eating breakfast. Classical conditioning was discovered by: Pavlov. Later, he blinks when he hears the tone.
Before ending the experiment, what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone? What is the conditioned stimulus in this example? Most classical conditioning requires repeated trials. One trial is usually enough for conditioning to occur Learning will continue to increase indefinitely Learning is more effective if trials follow each other very quickly. The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the unconditioned response.
The unconditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response. The conditioned stimulus all by itself elicits the conditioned response. The unconditioned response all by itself elicits the conditioned response.
A child learns to blink her eyes to a bell because the ringing of the bell has been followed by a puff of air to the eye. A pigeon learns to peck at a disk in a Skinner box to get food. Rich saw that when Donna banged her fist against a particular vending machine, she got a free soft drink, so now he bangs his fist against that machine when he wants a free soft drink. A monkey learns to escape from a cage. However, after just a few firecrackers have been exploded, some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match!
What is the unconditioned stimulus? What is the conditioned stimulus? What is the unconditioned response? When Bobby kissed Sue, his breathing accelerated. Sue always wore Chanel 5 when she went out with Bobby.
Whenever Bobby smelled Chanel 5, he began to breathe faster. Chanel 5 is the: US. Tavris lectures widely on topics involving science vs. When she is not writing or lecturing, she can be found walking the trails of the Hollywood Hills with her border collie, Sophie.
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You have successfully signed out and will be required to sign back in should you need to download more resources. Out of print. Psychology, 10th Edition. If You're an Educator Download instructor resources Additional order info. Description For one-semester introductory psychology courses in both two and four-year colleges and universities. New to This Edition. We wanted to call out the importance of biology and culture as explanations of human behavior, especially since both are areas of important and burgeoning research.
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What is Psychology? How Psychologists Do Research 3. Genes, Evolution, and Environment 4. The Brain: Source of Mind and Self 5. Body Rhythms and Mental States 6. Sensation and Perception 7. Learning and Conditioning 8. Behavior in Social and Cultural Context 9. Thinking and Intelligence Memory Emotion, Stress, and Health Motivation Development Over the Lifespan Theories of Personality Psychological Disorders Are There "His" and "Hers" Brains?
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